1. Functions
   1. adaptive
      1. adapts to ascending/descending lesions
      2. like Lspine
   2. imp in maintaining eyes in a horizontal position
      1. balance
      2. proprioception
   3. houses areas imp for the hormonal system
      1. thyroid
      2. parathyroid
      3. thymus
   4. houses the major vessels
      1. arteries
         1. carotoid
         2. vertebral
            1. blood to brain
   5. related to multiple functions
      1. digestion
         1. esopahgus
         2. pharynx
      2. speech/swallowing
         1. trachea
         2. TMJ via hyoid
      3. cardiorespiratory
         1. pericardium & lungs via attachments to ligaments
   6. in relation to peripheral nerve supply in upper extremity
      1. sensation
      2. dermatomes
      3. myotomes
      4. reflexes
   7. nb: Cspine fncs as WHOLE spine so lesions lower down will effect Cspine
2. Anatomy
   1. Muscular Interrelationships
      1. SCOM
         1. can cause probs in cervicals
            1. mastoid-occiput-clavicle
         2. tight in FHP
         3. cranial ennervation (11)
      2. deeper muscles
         1. scalenii
            1. attach on upper ribs
            2. cervicals<=>respiratory syst
            3. brachial plexus lies b/w them
            4. spasm
            5. compression of brachial plexus
            6. tension in subclavial artery
            7. phrenic nerve
            8. peritoneal folds
            9. pleura of lungs
            10. pericardium
         2. longus capitus & longus coli
            1. primary flexors
            2. attach to cranial base
            3. whiplash
            4. contact'n/spasm
            5. recture of Cspine
            6. can cause vertical strain on sphenoid
            7. anterior
      3. Suprahyoid Infrahyoid & Omahyoid
         1. relate Cspine to chewing, swallowing etc
      4. mandible sternum scapula
   2. Ligaments
      1. Ant & Post longitudonal
      2. ligament flavum
      3. interspinous ligaments
      4. ligament nuchae
      5. in upper Cspine ligaments guide
         1. occiput
         2. atlas
         3. axis
   3. Fascia
      1. tubes w/in tubes w/in tubes
         1. all interconnected
         2. connects Cspine w/
            1. cranial base
            2. thorax
      2. Superficial Deep Layer (..)
         1. surrounds structures of the neck
            1. 'collar'
            2. covers ant & post part of neck
         2. b/w superficial cervical fasci & muscles
         3. encloses
            1. SCOM
            2. trapezius
            3. submandibular gland & capsule of parotid gland
         4. attachments
            1. superior
            2. nuchal line
            3. SPs of Cspine
            4. mastoid process'
            5. zygomatic arches
            6. inf. border of mandible
            7. hyoid bone
            8. inferior
            9. manubrium
            10. clavicle
            11. acromium
         5. important
            1. splits above sternum
            2. ant & post surfaces of manubrium
            3. forms suprasternal space
            4. contains ant. jugular veins
            5. folds to form stylomandibular ligament
      3. Infrahyoid (middle deep) Layer
         1. part of central chain
         2. surrounds infrahyoid muscles
            1. sternohyoid
            2. sternothyroid
            3. omohyoid
            4. thyrohyoid
         3. suspends the hyoid bone
            1. pulley-digastric
         4. fuses w/ superficial deep fascia
      4. Visceral Layer
         1. deep to infrahyoid muscles
         2. origin behing sternum, spilts to enclose
            1. thyroid
            2. thrachea
            3. pharynx
            4. esophagus
         3. blends w/
            1. fibrous pericardium
            2. pharyngeal fascia
            3. superficial:investing layer
      5. Pharyngeal Layer
         1. thin layer on pharynx itself
      6. Alar
         1. runs from base of skull to superior mediastinum
         2. ant subdivision of prevertebral fascia
         3. seals phayngeal space
      7. Pharyngobasilar fascia
      8. INDICATIONS FOR TREATING CERVICAL FASCIA
         1. improve quality & quantity of mvt in Cspine
         2. whiipmash
         3. subluxation of AC joints
         4. history of probs relating to the throat
            1. laryngitis
            2. excessive throat clearing
            3. hoarse voice
            4. 'lump in throat'
            5. speech disorders
         5. prep for TMJ work
         6. FHP
            1. imbalance in A&P musculature
         7. ear probs
         8. congestion in cervical glands/lymphatics
         9. thyroid probs
         10. neck surgury incl. cosmetic/intubation etc
         11. work on central chain