1. 地理
   1. 区域
      1. Western Plateau
         1. 3/2 of AST
         2. 300m above sea level
      2. Eastern Highlands
         1. as Great Dividing Range
         2. as Great Barrier Reef
            1. in Word Heritage list
            2. diverse ,complex marine life
         3. longest river
            1. Murray River
      3. Central Eastern Lowlands
         1. 150m above sea level
         2. largest lake
            1. Eyre
         3. richest farmland ,gazing land
   2. 气候
      1. hot
         1. 39%in tropics
      2. dry
   3. 动植物
      1. 树
         1. Eucalypts ,wattles
      2. 动物
         1. Kangaroos ,emus,budgerigar
2. 人口
   1. 1.8m
   2. Aboriginal ,Torres Strait take 1.5%of ASTR
   3. British descent
3. 地区
   1. New South Wales
      1. first colony in 1778
      2. lgst population
      3. leading in industry ,shipping agriculture
      4. Sydney,capital
         1. lgst city
   2. Victoria
      1. Melbourne .capital
         1. 2nd lgst
         2. culture ,sports center
      2. ecnm based on agricultural ,pastoral
   3. Queesland
      1. 2nd lgst ,youngest states
      2. Brisbane ,capital
         1. Gold Coast
         2. Great Barrier Reef
   4. South Australia
      1. 3rd state
      2. Adelaide ,capital
   5. Western Australia
      1. bigest state ,1/3 of country
      2. Perth ,capital
   6. Tasmania
      1. smallest state
   7. Northern Territory
      1. Darwin only city
   8. Australian Capital Territory
      1. Canberra ,capital of Australia
4. 历史
   1. first reach there
      1. Englishman ,William Dampier
      2. put ASTR on map
         1. James Cook
   2. Commonwealth being
      1. 1.1 1901
   3. Government
      1. Edmund Barton ,1st PM
      2. 1st Parliament
         1. 5,9 1901
   4. Anzac Day
      1. 4,25
   5. PM
      1. Ben Chifley
         1. i 1945,national development
      2. Menizie
         1. 1950 to 1966,boom in economic growth
      3. Gough Witlam
         1. im 1972,PLA win
         2. diplomatic with China
      4. Kelvin Michael Rudd
         1. in 2007
5. 经济
   1. manufacturing industry
      1. concentrated in 14 national monopolies
      2. relies heavily on foreign investment
   2. agriculture
      1. lgst exporter, wool
      2. 2nd ,meat
      3. 3rd , wheat
   3. minerals
      1. lgest exporter ,coal
      2. major exptor ,uranium crude oil ,natural gas
   4. trade
6. 政府政治
   1. 政府
      1. federal parliament ,government
      2. six States ~~~
      3. about 900 local governments
   2. 宪法
      1. a written constitution
         1. effect in 1901
      2. can be changed by referendum
      3. on the principle
         1. federalism
         2. responsible
   3. 议会
      1. Queen
      2. House of Parliament
         1. House of representatives,lower House
            1. elect 3 years
         2. Senate,the Upper house
            1. an elected hose
            2. the legislation is examined ,ammendments suggested
            3. 76 members
      3. 子主题 3
   4. 行政部门
      1. Executive
         1. Prime Minister ,other members
      2. cabinet
         1. decision-making body
   5. 司法部门
      1. High Court of Australia
         1. most superior
      2. Federal court of Australia
         1. establish in 1977
      3. Family Court of Australia
   6. 政党
      1. ALP
         1. oldest ,largest ,formed in 1901
         2. win from 1983 to 1993
      2. Liberal party
         1. refounded in 1945 by Sir Robert Menzies
         2. success from 1949 to1983
      3. National party
         1. 3rd lgst
      4. Australian Democrats
         1. founded in 1977
         2. interest in environment protection ,quality of life
7. 媒介
   1. Newspapers
      1. The Australian
      2. The Sydney Morning Herald
      3. The Age
      4. The Australian Financial Review
   2. Magazines
      1. The Australian Woman's Weekly
         1. biggest circulation
      2. Sydney Gazette
         1. longest history
   3. Agency
      1. Australian Associated Press
   4. Television and Broadcasting
      1. ABC
         1. Australian Broadcasting Comany
      2. ABA
         1. Australian Broadcasting Authority
      3. SBS
         1. Special Broadcasting Service